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1800-1000 B.C.
Patriarchs / Bronze Age
Abraham, Moses & Exodus from Egypt, Joshua & Conquest of Land, period of judges.
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1000-586 B.C.
First Temple Period / Israelite Monarchy / Iron Age
David & Solomon (1000-930)
Split into Kingdom of Israel and Kingdom of Judah (930)
Ahab and Elijah (mid 9th Century)
Assyrians conquer Kingdom of Israel (722)
Hezakiah (late 8th Century)
Babylonians conquer Kingdom of Judah, Jerusalem, and Temple (586) -
515 B.C.-70 A.D.
Second Temple Period
Ezra and Nehemiah in Jerusalem during “Persian Period” (mid 5th century)
Alexander the Great, beginning of “Hellenistic Period” (330s)
Maccabean Revolt and Hannukah (160s)
Life of Jesus (birth = 6-4 B.C.; death = 27-33 A.D.)
First Jewish Revolt and destruction of Jerusalem and Temple (66-70 A.D.) -
63 B.C.-326 A.D.
Roman Period
Pompey establishes Roman control of Judea (63 B.C.)
Bar Kokhba Revolt (132-135 A.D.) -
326-638
Byzantine Period
Christianity became a recognized religion in the Roman Empire (313 A.D.)
Constantine’s mother, Helena, builds churches (e.g., Church of the Nativity and Church of the Holy Sepulchre (mid 4th Century)
Christian pilgrimage to the Holy Land increases -
638-1099
Early Arab Period
Within a decade of Muhammad’s death, Arab armies conquer Jerusalem dome of the Rock (691) and Al-Aqsa Mosque (705) built
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1099-1291
Crusader Period
Knights of the First Crusade take Jerusalem (1099)
Saladin conquers Jerusalem and expels Christians from Jerusalem (1187) -
1517-1917
Ottoman Period
Suleiman I (the Magnigicent) constructs current walls of Old City of Jerusalem (1535-1538)
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1917-1948
British Mandate
British make promises of land and statehood to both Jews and Arabs
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1948-present
State of Israel
War for Independence and Al-Nakba (1948)
Six Day War (1967)